All About Oud Instrument
A musical instrument with a big stomach, a brief and curved handle, a beam and a plectrum. Its curved back is made of 19 or 21 boards in the form of a circle. The body is hollow. In the middle of the entrance section called the chest, there are two small cavities on the sides called “roses”.
Oud instrument (written as “ud” in Turkish) is the ancestor of the European lute, name of which derives from “al-ud”. It isn’t a native Turkish instrument but it has been performed in Anatolia for not less than five centuries. Besides, within the history, the oud has been played by several civilizations in Central Asia, Mesopotamia, Iran, Arabia. Accordingly, there are a number of types of ouds besides Turkish oud. The oud instrument occupies an ideal place in Turkish Artwork Music, Turkish city music (in fasil orchestras) and in arabesk music. Oud has been known from the documents and oral tradition as the king, sultan or emir of musical instruments.
History of Oud
In some sources, it is said that Farabi invented the oud, however long before Farabi, there are oud and comparable devices in miniatures and reliefs. The main reason why Farabi is perceived as an inventor is that he’s a musician who has mastered the oud and the tuning system he delivered to the oud. Farabi, who was a type of who gave probably the most comprehensive information concerning the oud in his interval, added the 5th string to the oud, which was a four-string instrument till that time. Concerning the oud, Ibn Sina (980/1037) from Farabi says in his book Kitabu’ş Şifa that it is likely one of the most well-known instruments. Tells technical information such as chords and pitches with figures. While musical devices had been mentioned in the Ikhwan-i Safa tracts within the 10th century, it was stated that the most stunning of these was the oud.
The frets on the handle of the oud, preserved within the Farabi period, had been deserted towards the end of the 10th century. The oud was previously performed with a wooden plectrum. The famous Andalusian musician Ziryab (11th century) replaced it with a plectrum made of eagle feather. At the moment, plectrums made of versatile plastic are usually used.
The oud instrument made its way to Europe by way of Spain. Within the 13th century, the crusaders introduced it back to Europe, and in time, it became the lute. That’s why lute takes its name after the oud (‘le ut’ in old French), however it’s been added different features from oud, like frets.
The oud, additionally which grew to become the center of attention within the Ottoman palace in the fifteenth century, gained an irreplaceable worth that the general public started to make use of in classical Turkish music within the nineteenth century.
Oud instrument has a large soundbox linked to a short neck. The instrument has a pear-formed body which is a deep, striped bowl made from lightweight wood. The wood ought to be light because the bowl is supposed to reverberate when it is struck. The soundboard, the entrance part of the body, accommodates one or , typically three sound holes. These sound holes could also be oval or they can be ornamented depending on the lands they’re performed on. There is a piece of fish-skin or leather between the bridge and the sound gap to be able to protect the stomach from the strokes of the plectrum. The bowl of the oud is formed by thin woods or ribs bent over a mold. The number of the ribs varies from 16 to 21. The tuning pegs of the oud are screwed to the pegbox.
The quality of the fabric used in the making of the oudis important. The more the fabric is diverse, the higher it sounds. A high-quality oud’s face is made from spruce. The tuning pegs and fingerboard are constructed from ebony. Maple, walnut, palisander and mahogany are used for the bowl.
The oud doesn’t have any customary dimension or number of strings. Yet basically, all of the types of ouds have 11 gut strings which might be organized in five double-courses with a sixth, single bass string. Oud is performed with a plectrum. Its fretless neck allows the instrument to generate any intervals or microtones particular to the Middle Japanese music. Oud instrument is suitable for you to enjoy Turkish, Iran or Arab music by taking part in makams/maqamat.
Oudis played according to 2 schools of performance. The primary is “Ottoman” school and it accepts as principle the ornamentation of the sound, produced by delicate glissandos or the fingers and slight vibratos. The second approach is Egyptian approach, according to which the amount is amplified by firm strokes of the plectrum, which makes strings resonate. This fashion requires one other kind of virtuosity.
There are essentially six types of oud when they’re considered according to their origin. These types of oud mostly differ in their timbre and there are small size variations between them.
Arabic oud is the most known oud instrument type and perhaps the most popular because of its romantic, rich and deep sound. It is heavier and slightly bigger comparing to Turkish ouds. Turkish ouds are employed in Turkey and Greece. They’ve a more treble sound. Syrian oud, which is a sub-type of Arabic oud generates lots of overtones. Iraqi ouds may be categorised under Arabic ouds. Its strings are tied to the underside of the instrument. Because of this feature, it is said that it has a floating bridge. Iranian oud, which is also called Barbat is more distinct and attributable to its form, it has a bass, deep, Persian sound.
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